The former player: 'I really hoped to carry on playing'
Important note: This article includes details of racially offensive language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racial discrimination in professional rugby led his professional journey to an premature conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the sport, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to retire because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I really hoped to carry on competing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when word came out that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply accept the fate and accept that this whole situation is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect sufficient proof to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also encountered prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I've had multiple traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a period of time you just learn to believe that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was finally spurred to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the professional level and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"We has placed significant attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to strive for a culture of inclusivity but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face training on building inclusive environments, with its success tracked via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the film, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the game more accessible.
His 12 Foundation aims to reach children in under-served communities and help them succeed on and off the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if nobody else is willing to tell their story then I'll continue to fight that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an responsibility to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I talk about it hopefully the more comfortable others will become about discussing their own stories as well.
"I need to take the bull by the horns and continue carrying this banner and continue supporting this responsibility and do what I can to create opportunities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022